The first major French settlement in equatorial Africa was Libreville, a coastal city established in 1849 as a home for freed slaves. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); French West Africa was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Côte d’Ivoire, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin), and Niger. France was interested in this land for the cultivation and exportation of cotton and the financial gain it ensued. French North Africa (French: Afrique du Nord française) is the term often applied to the territories controlled by France in the North African Maghreb during the colonial era. Very little attention was given to the natives of the land other than to b… France pursued a policy of assimilation throughout much of its colonial empire. At the beginning of the 21st century, French was an official language of more than 25 countries. During the French Revolution of 1848, slavery was abolished and the Four Communes were given voting rights and the right to elect a Deputy to the Assembly in Paris, which they did in 1912 with Blaise Diagne, the first black man to hold a position in the French government. French West Africa, French Afrique Occidentale Française (AOF), administrative grouping under French rule from 1895 until 1958 of the former French territories of West Africa: Senegal, French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, and the French Sudan, to which Dahomey was added in 1899. France then invaded and quickly seized Algiers in 1830, and rapidly took control of other coastal communities. Some 120 million people across Africa speak French in some way. These conquered areas were usually governed by French Army officers and dubbed “Military Territories.” In the late 1890s, the French government began to rein in the territorial expansion of its “officers on the ground,” and transferred all territories west of Gabon to a single governor based in Senegal, reporting directly to the Minister of Overseas Affairs. (4)   Griffin, C., (2007), French Military Interventions in Africa: French Grand Strategy and Defense Policy since Decolonization, Paper prepared for the International Studies Association 2007 Annual Convention,  University of Southern California, 35-37. The Organisation internationale de la Francophonieestimates there will be The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into two stages: Classical antiquity and European colonialism. This concept was first used by Félix Houphouët-Boigny, the first president of the Ivory Coast, to define the connections between the countries that obtained their independence from France. French conservatives denounced the assimilationist policies as products of a dangerous liberal fantasy. The Berlin Congress of 1878 convened to resolve the Ottoman question. A Cercle was the smallest unit of French political administration in French Colonial Africa as headed by a European officer. From 1960 to 1994, France updated defense pacts with 27 African nations, which laid a legal foundation for the continuous deployment of French military bases. Tens of thousands of colonists entered Morocco and bought large amounts of the rich agricultural land. This high number in West Africa is explained by the history of colonization in Africa. So, France remained the most influential external power among the youngest countries of the post-colonial period (2). The independence movement was already active before World War I, and continued to gain strength against mixed French opposition. This began the colonization of French North Africa, which expanded to include Tunisia in 1881 and Morocco in 1912. This was the smallest unit of French political administration in French Colonial Africa that was headed by a European officer. Discuss the French presence in Northern Africa and how these colonies differed from others. Despite the reduction of French troops in this period, the conviction that “Africa is France’s backyard” remained unchanged. The famous “Four Communes” in Senegal are one of the foremost examples of the French assimilation project. Africa to France is like Latin America to the US and East Europe to the Soviet Union. Compare the French policy of assimilation to the manner in which other imperialist powers treated their subjugated populations, A hallmark of the French colonial project in the late 19th century and early 20th century was the civilizing mission (mission civilisatrice), the principle that it was Europe’s duty to bring civilization to “backward” people. Russian victory foreshadowed the dismemberment of the empire, including independence for several Balkan possessions and international discussions about the future of the North African provinces. In 1827, an argument between Hussein Dey, the ruler of the Ottoman Regency of Algiers, and the French consul escalated into a naval blockade. Considering the exploitation of natural resources, financial aids were concentrated on those regions. Seeking to expand their influence, the French established protectorates to the east and west of it. 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