Main meanings of Hannibal in English : Hannibal 1 Hannibal 2 Hannibal 2 He is perhaps best known for his crossing of the Alps to wage war on Rome. Learn about Hannibal's campaign against Rome, beginning with his attack on Saguntum. Hannibal was born in 183 BCE and lived during a time of great political and military strife. 2008). Polybius states that he crossed it while the river was still in one stream at a distance of four days’ march from the sea. Hannibal was acclaimed 'Strategos Autokratos' by his Iberian army, such was his military skill and aptitude for the task ahead. In the treaty between Rome and Carthage subsequent to the First Punic War (264–241), the Ebro had been set as the northern limit of Carthaginian influence in the Iberian Peninsula. Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Fabian strategy draws its name from the Roman Dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus. Meanwhile, the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio transported his army, which had been detained in northern Italy by a rebellion, by sea to the area of Massilia (Marseille), a city that was allied to Rome. He is considered one of the greatest generals of antiquity and his tactics are still studied and used in the present day.www.ancient.eu › hannibalHannibal – Ancient History Encyclopedia was a military … What Is An Em Dash And How Do You Use It? Carthaginian general, an implacable and formidable enemy of Rome. Rome victory in North Africa 202 BC. Many also consider as possibilities the natural historic fording places between modern Beaucaire and Avignon. See more. To paraphrase the renegade philosopher Hannibal, I love it when science comes together. Hannibal (also known as Hannibal Barca, l. 247-183 BCE) was a Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War between Carthage and Rome (218-202 BCE). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). His father, Hamilcar Barca, was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War, his younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. Hannibal was the son of the great Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. 2. The Carthaginian general Hannibal attempted to capture Rome by moving an army from Spain through the Alps, but he was prevented and finally defeated in his own country. It’s something he learned a long time ago, and he relates it to the way he played Hannibal, a “monster” masquerading as a dignified gentleman — as the opposite of what the audience expects. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition a port in NE Missouri, on the Mississippi: Mark Twain's boyhood home. Spartacus was a Thracian gladiator who, along with Crixus, Gannicus, Castus, and Oenomaus, was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic. A general from the ancient city of Carthage. This opposition and the likely desertion of some of his Spanish troops diminished his numbers as he reached the Rhône River, but he met little resistance from the tribes of southern Gaul. Carthiginian General who most famously carried elephants across the alps (as the sea control had been lost in the first war) from NW Africa to northern Rome in the second punic war. In honor of his great bravery and extremely difficult marching, Clark was entitled the "Hannibal of the West.". Thus, Hannibal’s access to the coastal route into Italy was blocked not only by the Massilians but by at least one army, with another gathering in Italy. The Dictionary.com Word Of The Year For 2020 Is …, “Affect” vs. “Effect”: Use The Correct Word Every Time. We discuss the definition Center of Gravity, where it came from and why it is so confusing and why Hannibal and his staff may have struggled with the concept of Centre of Gravity. As an adult, Hannibal became an officer in Carthage’s army in Spain. Indeed, Polybius makes it clear that Hannibal did not march toward the Alps blindly but instead had excellent information about the best routes. In the second Punic War he attacked Italy by crossing the Alps. It was the done thing at that time so when Rome refused the talks of peace that Hannibal asked of them he would have been shocked. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. With such material, Hannibal Lecter might as well do the audio version. From the death of his father in 229/228 until his own death about 183, Hannibal’s life was one of near constant struggle against the Roman Republic. Hannibal was clearly one of the best Generals in history. During the operation hostile Gauls appeared on the eastern bank, and Hannibal dispatched a force under Hanno to cross farther upstream and attack them from behind. … The confluence of the Rhône and the Isère marked the boundary of the Allobroges tribe, and on the “island” a civil war was being fought between two brothers, possibly both Allobroges chieftains. Hannibal BarcaHannibal BarcaHannibal (also known as Hannibal Barca, l. 247-183 BCE) was a Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War between Carthage and Rome (218-202 BCE). In the Pyrenees his army, which included at least 37 elephants, met with stiff resistance from the Pyrenean tribes. First appeared in 1610, based on the French word “baguette” for the long loaf of bread. During the second of the Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome, Hannibal took an army of more than 100,000, supported by elephants, from Spain into Italy in an effort to conquer Rome. How could he win 3 major battles against Rome, but he wasn’t able to win the second Punic war. Thus began the Second Punic War, declared by Rome and conducted, on the Carthaginian side, almost entirely by Hannibal. Hannibals brother left in Spain to protect supplies. Read Poetry Like An Expert With These Advanced Poetic Terms, 600 New Words And Definitions: The Latest Updates To Dictionary.com. However, all sources agree that he was a former gladiator and an accomplished military … Battle of Zama. Carthage general during 1st Punic war, put down mercenary revolt. With 40,000 soldiers and 37 elephants, he marched 1,500 miles to challenge his enemies on their own soil. Carthage and Rome fought in a series of three wars known as the Punic Wars. (hăn`əbəl), b. Can't find no corner nowhere, not to shove 394 the poor hannibal in, sir. Hannibal definition, Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps and invaded Italy (son of Hamilcar Barca). Realizing that Hannibal probably planned to cross the Alps, Scipio returned to northern Italy to await him. Anthony Hopkins is welcoming old age by embracing his inner child, How the World Turned on Bill Cosby: A Day-by-Day Account, When Your Comic Hero Is an Alleged Rapist, Glaciers Lose 204 Billion Tons of Ice in Three Years, Hugh Dancy on ‘Hannibal’s’ Brilliantly Batsh*t Finale and the Future of Will Graham, Buffon's Natural History. The second Punic War, fought from 218-202 BC was led by Hannibal on the Carthaginian side and Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus with Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus on the Roman side. 247 B.C., d. 183 or 182 B.C. According to Polybius, it was a fertile densely populated triangle bounded by hills, by the Rhône, and by a river that is probably the Isère. Set some time apart to test your bracket symbol knowledge, and see if you can keep your parentheses, squares, curlies, and angles all straight! Brancus, the elder, in return for Hannibal’s help, provided supplies for the Carthaginian army, which, after marching about 750 miles (1,210 km) in four months from Cartagena, was in sore need of them. How could he win 3 major battles against Rome, but he wasn't able to win the second Punic war. From Julius Caesar to the city-state’s legendary founders, test your knowledge of ancient Rome in this quiz. Saguntum was indeed south of the Ebro, but the Romans had “friendship” (though perhaps not an actual treaty) with the city and regarded the Carthaginian attack on it as an act of war. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition 247 B.C., d. 183 or 182 B.C. Hamilcar Barca. An ancient city in north Africa, established by traders from Phoenicia. Fabius Cunctator, or the Delayer, so called from the policy of delay which he opposed to the vigorous movements of Hannibal. Rome declared war shortly before it heard of his arrival at the Pyrenees, a decision spurred by Saguntum and Hannibal’s crossing of the Ebro. bc. First appeared around 1750, and is related to the French word “braguette” for the name of codpiece armor. Hannibal, who escaped with his life from the crushing defeat at Zama and still harbored a desire to defeat Rome, retained his military title despite accusations that he … © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Hannibal And Rome : The Battle Of The Second Punic War 995 Words | 4 Pages. How Hannibal looks in Total War Rome II Hannibal at the Gates. Let’s start with some etymology: What are the origins of the typographical word “bracket”? Finally, Hannibal almost certainly expected Rome to agree to a peace treaty following Cannae. Hannibal was clearly one of the best Generals in history. Hannibal explores the man behind the myth, revealing what drove the 26-year-old to mastermind one of the most audacious military moves in history. Leaving Spain in 218 BC, Carthaginian general Hannibal led a formidable army over the Alps during the treacherous winter in order to invade Italy from the north in what historian Michael Grant calls, “the most terrible of all Rome’s struggles.” Hannibal, general of the Carthaginian army, lived in the second and third century B.C. Hannibal immediately turned himself to the consolidation of the Punic hold on Spain. hannibal. Hannibal afterwards brought them from Africa, made them pass the Alps, and led them almost to the gates of Rome. The young Hannibal is said to have uttered, “I swear that so soon as age will permit…I will use fire and steel to arrest the destiny of Rome.” Hannibal accompanied his father to Spain, where Hamilcar hoped to make up for the losses that Carthage had suffered in the war. Hannibal never really had the means to directly defeat Rome through a siege strategy. (hăn`əbəl), b. However, as Hannibal marched to southern Italy, where he aimed to persuade many Greek and Italian allies of Rome to switch sides, hotter heads … After crossing the Rhône, Hannibal’s army seems to have marched north for about 80 miles (130 km) and passed into an area called “the island,” the identification of which is the key to Hannibal’s subsequent movements on land. How Did The Red Carpet Become The Iconic Runway For Awards Shows? Hannibal. Controversy has surrounded the details of Hannibal’s movements after the crossing of the Rhône. Hannibal used coracles and boats locally commandeered; for the elephants he made jetties out into the river and floated the elephants from those on earth-covered rafts. Carthaginian general, an implacable and formidable enemy of Rome. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Although knowledge of him is based primarily on the reports of his enemies, Hannibal appears to have been both just and merciful. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hannibal-Carthaginian-general-247-183-BC, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Hannibal, Hannibal - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Hannibal - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). He is renowned for his tactical genius. In what year did the Roman Empire come to an end? A coup de main against Rome would have only served to make Hannibal’s army static, being holed up in one place for a long time to maintain the siege; this would work fromn either a logistical point of view nor a strategic one. Princeton's WordNet (5.00 / 2 votes) Rate this definition: Hannibal (noun) general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC) Hannibal (noun) a town in northeast Missouri on the Mississippi River; boyhood home of Mark Twain Hannibal - a town in northeast Missouri on the Mississippi River; boyhood home of Mark Twain The Greek historian Polybius and the Roman historian Livy are the two primary sources for his life. (Rome didn't like to play by the rules ) He repeatedly defeated the Romans, although he failed to take Rome itself. Hannibal did not know a great deal about the Alps, but he knew enough to know that it was going to be a difficult march. Little is known about him beyond the events of the war, and surviving historical accounts are sometimes contradictory. According to them, Hannibal was taken to Spain by his father and at an early age was made to swear eternal hostility to Rome. The thin, alpine air rushes between the two towering mountains dominating the horizon; whipping past you, biting your skin and icing your bones. (247–182 BC), Carthaginian general. Hannibal’s earliest commands were given to him in the Carthaginian province of Spain by Hasdrubal, son-in-law and successor of Hamilcar. YouTube. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He fought against the Olcades and captured their capital, Althaea, and he quelled the Vaccaei in the northwest. Hannibal was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage's main forces against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. He married a Spanish princess, Imilce, and then conquered various Spanish tribes. 247-183? The Romans, who had sent envoys to Carthage in protest (though they did not send an army to help Saguntum), after its fall demanded the surrender of Hannibal. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. There are two conflicting understandings of where Hannibal is left. Also, some guy from some 90's movies who eats people and mistake hanibal the general and hannibal the cannibal. He was born into a Carthaginian military family and made to … Now when you Google “Bill Cosby,” you also come across Hannibal Buress, Barbara Bowman, Joan Tarshis, and maybe others. Hannibal Barca was a Carthaginian general who was considered to be one of the great military leaders in history. Corrections? Hasdrubal. Carthage was a commercial and political rival of Rome for much of the third and second centuries b.c. Hannibal may have started from Cartagena with an army of around 90,000—including an estimated 12,000 cavalry—but he left at least 20,000 soldiers in Spain to protect his supply lines. One player is the Romans and the other is the Carthaginians. In 219 Hannibal attacked Saguntum, an independent Iberian city south of the Ebro River. Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps and invaded Italy (son of Hamilcar Barca). Horses were embarked on large boats or made to swim. A port city in north-eastern Missouri, on the Mississippi River, the boyhood home of Mark Twain; population 17,432 (est. Patrick Hunt (Ph.D., Institute of Archaeology, UCL, University of London, 1991) is an archaeologist and historian who has taught at Stanford University since 1993. The capture of Rome by Hannibal could not have failed to have entirely altered the whole future course of history. Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal And Conservative? All rights reserved. It is the nature of a task that determines the length of time it would take to be accomplished. Carthage was a large and important Phoenician city-state in northern Africa, which was often at odds with the Greek and Roman empires. First appeared in 1555, and is related to the French word “raquette” for a netted bat. This mission had the specific aim of establishing a safe place for Hannibal to debouch from the Alps into the Po valley. The army had to cross the Alps, and this troop movement is still regarded as one of the greatest in history. Hannibal, Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) and who continued to oppose Rome until his death. We discuss the definition Center of Gravity, where it came from and why it is so confusing and why Hannibal and his staff may have struggled with the concept of Centre of Gravity. 5 – His Personality Won Over His Troops. As Scipio moved northward along the right bank of the Rhône, he learned that Hannibal had already crossed the river and was marching northward on the left bank. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Hannibal: Rome vs. Carthage is a two-player game based on the 2nd Punic War between Carthage and Rome. As the Gauls attempted to block Hannibal’s crossing, Hanno’s force struck, scattering the Gauls and allowing the main body of the Carthaginian army to transit the Rhône unopposed. Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca [n 1] (247 – 183/182 BC) [n 2] was a Punic Carthaginian military commander and tactician, generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. Hannibal spent the winter of 219–218 at Cartagena in active preparations for carrying the war into Italy. Hannibal then received friendly Gallic leaders headed by the northern Italian Boii, a Celtic tribe whose lands had been reduced by recent Roman settlements and whose superior knowledge of the Alpine passes must have been of the greatest value to Hannibal’s plans. Updates? As well as possessing outstanding military skill, Hannibal was the very definition of â€⃜leader.’ Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps in 218 with about 35,000 men and routed Roman armies at Lake Trasimeno and Cannae . Omissions? The battle of Zama Hannibal and Scipio's final showdown (Rome vs Carthage History) - YouTube. The New York Times ran a piece asking: “Has Hannibal Buress Changed the Way We Look at Bill Cosby?”. Hannibal, (born 247 bce, North Africa—died c. 183–181 bce, Libyssa, Bithynia [near Gebze, Turkey]), Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218–201 bce) and who continued to oppose Rome and its satellites until his death.

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