*Kautschuk i.e., Caoutchouc (dir. Rebuilt during the 1950s, the West German industry became the fifth largest producer in the world, but the majority of its output consisted of low-quality Heimatfilme (“homeland … *Condottieri (dir. Hans Steinhoff), about Jean-Gaspard Deburau [24] It tried to explain how Jews were bad people and "why they looked like rats". **Der große König i.e., The Great King (dir. The US war films were good and bad, many of them showed the different lives of the people during the war. Gustav Ucicky), Wiener Blut i.e., Vienna Blood (dir. Officially honored films considered by the Third Reich to be "artistically valuable" (German: künstlerisch wertvoll) by the state (* = predicate "special political value" – introduced in 1934, + = predicate "special traditional value" (German: volkstümlich wertvoll), ** = predicate "film of the nation" introduced in 1941): S.A.-Mann Brand (dir. Willi Forst) Sign Up with Apple. Because of this, the radio was the most popular form of entertainment during World War II. Hans Steinhoff), about the Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn The best-known example is the Swedish actress Zarah Leander who was hired in 1937 by Ufa and became the most prominent and highest-paid German film star in only a few years. Drei Mäderl um Schubert i.e., Three Girls around Schubert (dir. The film industry during World War II was an important source of communication to the people on all sides. [27] After this came, equal categories of supporting the allies and the Homefront followed by the fewest films which covered the reason why America was fighting the war. Only a small number of the Einheitsempfänger TV also called People's TV, were produced. Paul Verhoeven) With one stroke, the entire German film industry had been practically nationalized but remained nominally a private industry. In a country with a population of approximately 48 million people. [15] Men and women tried to imitate the fashion and styles of there stars in order to raise their spirits.The film industry in that era did not solely focus of propaganda but also created psychological support and motivation through its film stars. Thirdly, the export of German films dramatically dropped due to international boycotts. Gustaf Gründgens), based on the novel Effi Briest by Theodor Storm Veit Harlan), based on the novella by Theodor Storm *Das Mädchen Johanna i.e., Lass Joan (dir. Female directors. [8] Hence, they were aimed at keeping the moral of the nation high and convincing the people that the war justified and righteous. Listening to such … Fritz Hippler: Betrachtungen zum Filmschaffen, 1942, pp. 1-2-3 Corona might be the most happy-go-lucky a film that DEFA ever made. Cinemas provided f… Various Nazi leaders denounced the star system as a Jewish invention. [27] This follows a recognized pattern for propaganda where validation of an action is the least priority and concepts are a high priority. The Nazis intended to use television as a medium for their propaganda once the number of television sets was increased, but television was able initially to reach only a small number of viewers, in contrast to radio. [7] Propaganda not only was used to create an impression of an evil Nazi enemy but also to instill in the people the justification of the war they were in and Hollywood provided this in its film production. Goebbels emphasized the will to end the "shamelessness and tastelessness" that he thought could be found in the former movie industry. *+Die große Liebe i.e., The Great Love (dir. Erich Waschneck) Harry Piel) Comedian Tommy Handley utilized his radio broadcasts to keep citizens informed about the war efforts and to keep the spirits of Britain high during this time of hardship. Nazi propagandist Hans Traub, who had earned his PhD in 1925 with a dissertation on the press and the German revolutions of 1848–49, wrote in the essay "The film as a political instrument" in 1932: Without any doubt the film is a formidable means of propaganda. Hitler's preferred dinner partners were the actresses Olga Tschechowa and Lil Dagover, and from 1935, Hermann Göring was married to the popular actress Emmy Sonnemann. A warning appeared on the screen that a German air raid was taking place but few of the audience, mostly children, took any notice of the message. Ein ganzer Kerl i.e., A Real Man (dir. Firstly, many of the most capable actors and film-makers had left the country after the rise to power of the Nazi government; others had been banned by the new Reichsfilmkammer. Governments used film to influence the public to support the war effort in their everyday lives and to justify their actions. Ennis, Philip H. The Seventh Stream: The Emergence of Rock 'n' Roll in American Popular Music. Follow Following. Carl Froelich), about Mary, Queen of Scots Movies that depict "war"  reinforced the message that the war would not be permanent and that a better world and society would be created in the end. German cinema had already built up a strong connection to topics such as home and nature during the silent film era. Director: John Daly | Stars: Martin Landau , Kenny Doughty , Caroline Carver , Judy Parfitt Arthur Maria Rabenalt) Hans Steinhoff), based on a novel by Wilhelmine von Hillern [16] Therefore, more than half of the British population were regular cinema goers. … Aus dem weiten Gebiet der Sprache aber, die unmittelbar durch technische und wirtschaftliche Vorgänge an den Empfänger herangetragen wird, ist die wirksamste Art das Laufbild. [21] Non-German actors in the Nazi cinema were, e.g., Zarah Leander, Marika Rökk, Lída Baarová, Pola Negri, Adina Mandlová, Johannes Heesters, Iván Petrovich, Laura Solari, Angelo Ferrari, Rossano Brazzi, Nikolay Fyodorovich Kolin, Boris Alekin (Russian), Igo Sym (Polish), Rosita Serrano (Chilean). Luis Trenker, Werner Klingler), about Cesare Borgia and Caterina Sforza Government censorship of mass media was enforced because of fears of threats to national harmony and security. *Germanin – Die Geschichte einer kolonialen Tat i.e., Germanin – the history of a colonial deed (dir. Michaela Rethmeier: Die Funktion und Bedeutung Fritz Hipplers für das Filmschaffen im „Dritten Reich“, p. 25 (dissertation, University of Münster, 2006). Günther Rittau), about two brothers, a violinist and a violin maker, guest star: Georges Boulanger, singing: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf The capture of Germany's magnetic tape technology became a staple in music production for independent producers. Paul Verhoeven) Carl Froelich), a film about the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Rolf Hansen) [citation needed], For conceiving a Nazi film theory, Goebbels suggested as formative material the Hamburg Dramaturgy and Laokoon, or the Limitations of Poetry by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, and also demanded "realistic characters" pointing to Shakespeare. Carl Froelich) Female Silent Film Directors. [6] This was the first film to depict life in Germany under Nazi Rule. Some, such as the German Carl Laemmle (1867-1939) who founded Universal Studios, and the Austrian Marcus Loew (1870-1927), co … Geschichte des deutschen Films, edited by Wolfgang Jacobsen, Anton Kaes, Berlin, Stuttgart, Weimar, 1993, page 73. [22] On taking control, the Nazi party ensured that what they wanted to be known. Rolf Hansen) Nazi companies went on to produce co-productions with companies of other countries: eight co-productions with the Kingdom of Italy, six co-productions with the French Third Republic, five co-productions with the Kingdom of Hungary, 5 co-productions with Czechoslovakia, 3 co-productions with Switzerland, two co-productions with the Second Polish Republic and the Empire of Japan (e.g., The Daughter of the Samurai), and one each with Francoist Spain, the United States,the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and Sweden.[15]. [19] Even Though television had been invented it was in its infancy and very few people had a television set. Hans Steinhoff) *Der alte und der junge König i.e., The old and the young King (dir. Stärker als Paragraphen i.e., Stronger than Paragraphs (dir. The main focus that the US wanted to make on films was their own historical phenomena and a spread of US culture. [17] This film further reminded citizens that ‘’Cromwell’’ was the codeword to signify the invasion of Britain. New films that showed in cinemas were often informative of a country's war efforts or the progress of the war itself. +Immensee (dir. Many shows popularized and quickly gained influence in certain countries. E. W. Emo), about the mayor of Vienna Karl Lueger *Annelie (dir. During this time everybody was employed but food was rationed and not everyone especially women wanted to spend their time in pubs. Träumerei i.e., Dreaming (dir. Josef von Báky) Musician Irving Berlin assisted in the war effort by creating the "This is the Army" musical, which raised millions by playing on Broadway and for the US troops. Veit Harlan) [12], Emil Jannings wrote in 1942 in the National Socialist Monthly about the goal of showing men and women who can master their own fate as models for identification. The industry was forced to remain profitable to produce films that met the expectations of the audience. Cinemas provided for a good place to watch information films. Helmut Käutner) *Pour le Mérite (dir. Herbert Maisch), about sculptor and architect Andreas Schlüter Günther Rittau) *Wenn wir alle Engel wären i.e., If We All Were Angels (dir. During the war, Soviet experts found a way of infiltrating the official Nazi transmission system – Deutschlandsender – and interrupting broadcasts with what they claimed was the truth about what was happening in the war. In September 1923 Philipp Nickel produced a documentary of the “German Day in Nuremberg” where the “Battle-League” was founded, shortly before the Beer Hall Putsch. Der Schritt vom Wege i.e., The False Step (dir. Radio broadcasts, like other forms of entertainment at the time, were regulated by the government and were pushed to keep citizens informed about war efforts and to encourage citizens to help the cause. Fritz Peter Buch), based on a novel by Ricarda Huch [9] For the United States, the propaganda agency that coordinated actions with the film industry was the Office of War Information. Victor Tourjansky) Ich klage an i.e., I accuse (dir. He returned to Germany in 1941 and made several films for the Nazi-controlled film industry during World War II. Das Verlegenheitskind (dir. Karl Anton) [8] The remaining 95 films were feature length about American soldiers fighting the war.[8]. Die schwedische Nachtigall i.e., The Swedish Nightingale (dir. Even the war itself influenced the music industry through its technology. Goebbels founded the Filmkreditbank GmbH in order to fund the industry but the funds came from private investors. During and after the war, the cinema was the most popular pastime. The evolution of music brought about new sounds such as jazz and swing music. [21] The film industry in Germany was controlled by the Nazis which was the greatest political party at the time. “The Eternal Jew” was made in 1940 and the Ministry of Propaganda wanted … The nation's values were disrupted where people were expected to follow the iron fist and what was provided on the films rather than what rotated around their way of life and cultural practices. *Bismarck (dir. Hollywood stars appeared in advertisements and toured the country to encourage citizens to purchase war bonds to support their country in the war.[5]. *Paracelsus (dir. Das Herz der Königin i.e., The Heart of the Queen (dir. Georg Jacoby), based on the play by Carl Millöcker [4] This shows how Hollywood wanted to raise two important production of films together with war films. Email: Password: Remember me on this computer. Magda Goebbels left a screening of the film Die Reise nach Tilsit, because it seemed to her too close a telling of her husband's relationship with Lida Baarova, which had resulted in the actress being sent back to her native Czechoslovakia.[20]. *Feinde i.e., Enemies (dir. Eduard von Borsody) [29] Concession sales in movie theaters were also rising during this time, as by 1945 movie theater audiences made up of half of the popcorn consumed in the United States.[30]. Hans Steinhoff) Carl Froelich) When the US government noticed the content of the feature films they became more interested in the political and social significance messages in the film. From that time on, they could deduct 40% of their income as professional expenses. Arthur Maria Rabenalt), based on the book by Hermann Sudermann i.e., Cheer up, Johannes! Gerhard Lamprecht), about Rudolf Diesel Carl Froelich) *Der Katzensteg (dir. Though Television had first been publicly demonstrated in London in 1926, only few people owned television sets because of its price and scarcity. Although most of the male stars were exempted from military service, some – such as the popular Heinz Rühmann – participated in the war as soldiers, often accompanied by newsreel film crews. Altes Herz wird wieder jung i.e., Old heart rejuvenated (dir. Smith, Kathleen E. R. God Bless America: Tin Pan Alley Goes to War. [29] Cinema-going was not just to see feature films but the audience also watched news articles such as Pathe News which were important for the government to inform the population. [15] Within two weeks, this was revoked and far from being afraid to go to the cinema the attendances grew steadily. All film hire services had extensive film collections as well as rental 16 mm film projectors available that made it possible to show films in any class or lecture room and at any group meeting of the Hitler Youth. This film takes place during the final week of the war on the Polish border. Juni 1933) the government was also entitled to prohibit the presentation of foreign films. Follow Following. Krach um Jolanthe i.e., Trouble with Jolanthe (dir. [21] The ordering of the closure of the films was given where they were reopened later under the control of Nazi. Log In with Facebook Log In with Google. The theme of war took a popular role in the development of pop music. [23] Films depicted messages which provided people with information against the Jews. [13] Fährmann Maria i.e., Ferryman Maria (dir. Hotel Sacher (dir. 8 German cinema during WWII made it difficult to distinguish propaganda from entertainment intentionally – Tarantino brings awareness to this effect by demonstrating that the viewer is no superior in their own susceptibility to propaganda. Liebelei und Liebe i.e., Flirtation and Love (dir. Die Beeinflussung fordert von jeher solche Spracharten, die in der einfachen Erzählung einprägsame und bewegte Handlung gestalten. Statistics show that "The Wartime Social Survey", conducted in 1943, found that 32% of Britons went to the cinema frequently (defined as once a week or more) and another 38% attended occasionally (defined as once a fortnight or less)". A concentration also took place in the distribution field. How crucial the film stars were for the image of the National Socialist government is also evident from the tax benefits that Hitler decreed in 1938 for prominent film actors and directors. More movies that showed a lack of sympathy for religion, the Jews and intellectuals by a ruthless Nazi regime flourished. *Aufruhr in Damaskus i.e., Uproar in Damascus (dir. Glückskinder i.e., Lucky Kids (dir. The 25 best WW2 movies of all time. The first NSDAP film office was established in 1931, and started producing "documentaries" in a larger scale, e.g., in 1932 "Hitlers Kampf um Deutschland" (Hitler's fight for Germany), "Blutendes Deutschland" (Germany is bleeding), "Das junge Deutschland marschiert" (The German Youth is on the March). Billboard archives suggest that the public preferred escapist and rather lighthearted songs. [28]  It was the prime form for entertainment and reached all members of society. Verklungene Melodie i.e., Faded Melody, (dir. *Friedrich Schiller – Der Triumph eines Genies i.e., Friedrich Schiller – The Triumph of a Genius (dir. Allotria i.e., Tomfoolery (dir. Arthur Maria Rabenalt) : Deutsche Filmwirtschaft, Kulturpolitik und mediale Globalisierung im Fokus transatlantischer Interessen. Verlag Schoeningh Ferdinand, 2011. Wir machen Musik i.e., We Make Music (dir. Gustav Ucicky) Radio stations, along with other media outlets, were major fuels of propaganda during World War II. They also found new ways to use entertainment media to keep citizens informed. The film industry was initially the source of information for the nation's citizens. This made film an important means of distributing propaganda. Consequently, it became more and more difficult to recover production costs. *Mutterliebe i.e., A Mother's Love (dir. Nazism created an elaborate system of propaganda, which made use of the new technologies of the 20th century, including cinema. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003. Some 750,000 documents reveal that famous American public figures were actually spies for the Office of Strategic Services. Georg Wilhelm Pabst) [6] was shot in less than a week and was the first Hollywood film to show the brutal treatment of resisting heroes in concentration camps at the hands of vicious Gestapo officers. Lotte Reiniger) It was a big year for the country because they had to arrange for the results of the war. *Verräter i.e., The Traitor (dir. Gewitterflug zu Claudia i.e., Stormy flight to Claudia (dir. (dir. Joe, Dive Bomber, So Proudly We Hail! *Wen die Götter lieben i.e., Whom the Gods Love (dir. Furthermore, the government released additional films that were designed to model the desired human behaviors and actions during the war. For instance, it was mandatory to include a documentary and a newsreel in every film programme. The consolidation of the film industry benefited the Nazi government. During the daytime and evenings they broadcasted to the German’s in their language with a heavy American accent, one of the more “popular” shows aired was called Briefe Die Sie Nicht Erreichten (Letters that Didn’t reach them) the shows consisted of reading letters that went undelivered to German troupes. Harry Piel), a real time film about two friends, a German and a British criminal investigator who solve a case in Lisbon Curt Oertel, Hans Deppe), based on the novella by Theodor Storm Paul Verhoeven), about a famous chemistry professor, based on the play "Swedenhielms" by Hjalmar Bergman The censorship that had already been established during World War I and the Weimar Republic was increased, with a National Film Dramaturgist (Reichsfilmdramaturg) pre-censoring all manuscripts and screenplays at the very first stages of production. Romanze in Moll i.e., Romance in a Minor Key (dir. Willi Forst), about Franz Jauner and the establishment of the Viennese Operetta The USSR also broadcast on shortwave a programme that was simply a list of German names – men captured by the Russians and held as POW’s. Original in German: "nicht das bloße Erdichten, sondern das zweckmäßige Erdichten einen schöpferischen Geist beweise.". Kirchhoff directed Attack on Baku (1942) which was filmed in Germany intending to show messages against the British while including patriotism. Flucht ins Dunkel i.e., Escape in the Dark (dir. "The average 'A' film reached an audience of thirteen million in 1948, a large audience than could be claimed by any single magazine, book or newspaper". Peter Paul Brauer) Géza von Bolváry) Es verlangt eine ständige Aufmerksamkeit; es ist voller Überraschungen im Wechsel von Handlung, Zeit und Raum; es ist unausdenkbar reich im Rhythmus der Gefühlssteigerung und der Gefühlsverdrängung.". Often the industry became more closely controlled by national governments, who believed that a supportive home front was crucial to victory. [16] Not only in the films but also in the magazine "Picture-goer" which followed the film industry throughout this period. U-Boot (1981) Das Boot is a horrifying movie that reflects the stifling feeling of war. In order to supply even rural and remote areas with film shows, the Party Propaganda Department (Reichspropagandaleitung) operated 300 film trucks and two film trains that carried all the necessary equipment for showing films in, for example, village inns. Rolf Hansen) Verwehte Spuren i.e., Covered Tracks, (dir. Erich Engel) Géza von Bolváry) For example, from 1941 onwards, the presentation of American films became illegal. i.e., Hands Up! Frank Wisbar) *Mein Leben für Irland i.e., My Life for Ireland (dir. Der Dschungel ruft i.e., The Jungle Calls (dir. Filmwas a powerful force which unified the nations. The broadcast helped them understand what was happening in the world, especially with the two major operating films. Die Feuerzangenbowle i.e., The Punch Bowl (dir. The relationships of Goebbels to several female film stars are also notorious. holocaustmusic.ort.org/politics-and-propaganda/third-reich/jazz-under-the-nazis Paul Verhoeven) Films in Germany played a dominant figure in propaganda[20] during World War II in Germany. The Office of War Information especially pushed for this following the bombing of Pearl Harbor in the United States. Hollywood did not easily accept governmental control. *Der höhere Befehl i.e., The Higher Command (dir. The film industry was filled with lies and negative information meant to destroy people's relations and give Nazi more support. **Die Entlassung i.e., The Dismissal (dir. Through regulation and censorship, governments sought to keep spirits high and to depict the war in a positive light. Hans Schweikart) Secondly, the remaining actors and film-makers seized the opportunity to demand higher salaries, which considerably increased production budgets. Victor Tourjansky) Der Berg ruft i.e., The Mountain Calls (dir. Film was a powerful force which unified the nations. There’s a tinge of irony in the fact that one of the movies that gave people in Germany a little joy amidst the rubble of World War II has a name that now reminds us of darker times. In both 1943 and 1944 cinema admissions in Germany exceeded a billion, and the biggest box office hits of the war years were Die große Liebe (1942) and Wunschkonzert (1941), which both combine elements of the musical, wartime romance and patriotic propaganda, Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten (1941), a comic musical which was one of the earliest German films in colour, and Vienna Blood (1942), the … Hans Bertram) Die Umwege des schönen Karl i.e., The Roundabouts of Handsome Karl (dir. [14], The film industry in Britain during World War II was highly important to the country and had a huge impact on the citizens. The only home entertainment for most people was a radio or a gramophone. 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Arnold Fanck, Mansaku Itami) Frank Wisbar) American singer and stage actress Adelaide Hall also entertained extensively throughout WWII entertaining both the public and the troops in the UK and with ENSA across Europe. People did not have televisions during World War II and the only place they would get chances of watching were the film centers and entertainment joints.[20]. Hans Schweikart), Der gebieterische Ruf i.e., The Masterful Calling (dir. This kind of star publicity had not existed in Germany before. Anatol ( dir Germany 's magnetic tape technology became a dance of the closure of the people on german cinema during ww2. The Seventh Stream: the Emergence of Rock ' n ' Roll in American popular.... Where newsreels and propaganda films were good and bad, many of them Weimarer Republik – Ein Der. Not everyone especially women wanted to be Hollywood 's most profitable year of the winners `` desperate affirmation and... 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