As son of the king, he was a Fils de France ("son of France"), and as the eldest son, Dauphin of France. King Henry died ten years later, on 10 July 1559, at the age of 40. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. Hugh Capet is generally considered the first king of France but it took him and his descendants to fight and expand, and fight and survive, to begin to turn a small kingdom into great France. As time went on, however, Henry grew increasingly unpopular, and in the final years of his rule, both his physical and mental health severely declined. [7] He was deposed and died in captivity. Odo (Eudes), Count of Paris, was chosen by the western Franks to be their king following the removal of emperor Charles the Fat. While there were numerous claimants to succeed, the two best claimants were the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet and then later the House of Lancaster. King Henry III of France 1551–1589. His marriage with Margot remained childless and Henry divorced her to marry Marie de' Medici. The last French king of the Valois dynasty, Henry III was widely accused of sodomitical relations with his "minions," but such charges probably say more about the viciousness of the political and religious controversies of sixteenth-century France than they do about Henry III. After the “setting-his-sister’s-stuff-on-fire” incident and … Henry became heir presumptive to the French throne in 1584 upon the death of Francis, Duke of Anjou, brother and heir to the Catholic Henry III, who had succeeded Charles IX in 1574. Henry was good-natured, but his court soon learned to bow to his every wish. In reality, he was imprisoned in the Temple during this time. The next year the king's only remaining brother, the Duke of Alençon, fled the court and joined with Condé and Navarre. Eight years before her marriage to Henry in 1509, Catherine was in fact married to Henry’s older brother, Arthur, who died of sickness at just 15 years old. He took the popular title Emperor of the French instead of King of France and Navarre or King of the French to avoid all titles of the Kingdom of France making France's second popular monarchy. [5] Pepin's great-grandson Charles the Bald was king at the time of the Treaty of Verdun (843) (for earlier rulers, see List of Frankish kings). By making peace with the Huguenots (1576), he antagonized extremist Roman Catholics, who formed the Catholic League led by the House of Guise. When King Henry passed away it was time for his 15-year-old son Francis II to ascend the throne. The Valois dynasty would fight the Hundred Years War with England and, at times, looked like they were losing their thrones, and then found themselves facing religious division. He took the regnal name of Napoleon III after his uncle (Napoleon I) and his cousin (Napoleon II, who was declared but uncrowned as heir to the Imperial throne). Henri III, King of France, third son of Henri II and Catherine de Medici, was born at Fontainebleau on the 19th of September 1551, and succeeded to the throne of France on the death of his brother Charles IX in 1574. The French Second Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French. "The Rulers of France: From 840 Until 2017." Name: King Henry VI Born: December 6, 1421 at Windsor Castle Parents: Henry V and Catherine of Valois Relation to Elizabeth II: 14th great-granduncle House of: Lancaster Ascended to the throne: September 1, 1422 Crowned: November 6, 1429 at Westminster Abbey, aged 7. It was used on coins up to the eighteenth century. On Louis XVII's death, his uncle Louis-Stanislas claimed the throne, as Louis XVIII. Charles, the posthumous son of Louis II, was crowned by a faction opposed to the Robertian Odo at Reims Cathedral in 893, though he only became the effectual monarch with the death of Odo in 898. He would run the country with a council and parliament while the king remained in the background, a convenient figurehead. Charles IX, king of France from 1560, remembered for authorizing the massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew’s Day, August 23–24, 1572, on the advice of his mother, Catherine de Médicis. Anne had recently returned from the French court, which Mary had left several years before – rumours still persisted that Mary had been intimate with Francis I. The Rulers of France: From 840 Until 2017. Under the terms of the 1420 Treaty of Troyes, Charles VI had recognized his son-in-law Henry V of England as regent and heir. Most of Northern France was under English control until 1435 but by 1453 the English had been expelled from all of France save Calais and the Channel Islands. Henry IV, as Hercules, vanquishing the Lernaean Hydra (i.e. Upon King Henry VII’s death in 1509, Henry VIII took the crown at age 17. He was named after … King Charles Charles IX Of France was the party-boy The Dauphin of France who'd just returned from Spain to be taught by his brother, King Francis’. He married Catherine de' Medici when he was 14 and they had 10 children together, 8 on whom made it to adulthood. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. He has just become the new king of France after his untimely death. Hugh Capet is generally considered the first king of France but it took him and his descendants to fight and expand, and fight and survive, to begin to turn a small kingdom into great France. Louis XVI's son had been considered by monarchists as Louis XVII but he was never crowned and never ruled in his own right before his own death. Following the first defeat of Napoleon and his exile to Elba, the Bourbon monarchy was restored, with Louis XVI's younger brother Louis Stanislas being crowned as Louis XVIII. Henry IV (13 December 1553 14 May 1610) was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and (as Henry III) King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. In 1572, Charles ordered the marriage of his sister Margot of Valois to Henri of Navarre (a future King Henri IV of France), a Protestant who was in the line of succession to … The French First Republic lasted from 1792 to 1804, after which its popular First Consul, Napoléon Bonaparte, decided to make France a monarchy again. He believed in charity, humility, forgiveness. In the spring of 1264, a long simmering feud between King Henry III and his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort erupted in open warfare. However, throughout this period he resided in Austria, with his mother. His first son, Francis II, died in his minority. The Capetians ruled continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. King Louis IX of France. Although Louis wasn't king of the modern entity we call France, all the later French Louis' (culminating with Louis XVIII in 1824) were numbered sequentially, using him as the starting point, and it's important to remember that Hugh Capet didn't just invent France, there was a long, confused history before him. That line became extinct in 1328, creating a succession crisis known as the Hundred Years War. Henry III died on 2 August, the day when he was supposed to lead an assault on Paris. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. St Pauls Cathedral, aged 48. Wilde, Robert. The Capetian dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, included the first rulers to adopt the title of 'King of France' for the first time with Philip II (r. 1180–1223). They were direct descendants of the Robertian kings. The restoration of the royal family was a compromise, but France remained in social and political flux, leading to yet another change of house. A couple years after that, Catherine and Henry had four more sons and four more daughters. The Capetian Dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, ruled France continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. In fact, we do not even know for certain what year he was born. https://www.sunsigns.org/famousbirthdays/d/profile/henry-iv-of-france As Duke of Anjou, he fought against the Huguenots in the Wars of Religion. The monarchs of the Kingdom of France ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the West Franks in 843 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Peace was only negotiated following John’s death in 1216. Francis II was born on January 19, 1544, at the ‘Château de Fontainebleau,’ France. 1312: 1377: 65: Westminster, England. It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy, which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France.[1]. The Second Republic didn't last long chiefly because of the imperial pretensions of a certain Louis Napoleon... Napoleon III was related to Napoleon I and traded on family fame, but he was undone by Bismarck and the Franco-Prussian war. The House of Bourbon would be overthrown during the French Revolution and replaced by a short-lived republic. He was created duc de Angloulême and duc de Orléans in 1560 and in 1566, duc de Anjou and was given command of the king's army during the reign of his brother, Charles IX. Henry VIII . Not listed below are Hugh Magnus, eldest son of Robert II, and Philip of France, eldest son of Louis VI; both were co-kings with their fathers (in accordance with the early Capetian practice whereby kings would crown their heirs in their own lifetimes and share power with the co-king), but predeceased them. Born on September 19, 1551, the future King Henry III was the preferred son of Catherine de Médicis and King Henry II of France. The Valois line would rule France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the French Wars of Religion. Adding the 7 Emperors and Kings after the French Revolution, this comes to a total of 52 monarchs of France. Also crowned Henri II of France, December 1431, Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, aged 10. Henry VIII’s first wife was Catherine of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. the Catholic League ), by Toussaint Dubreuil, c. 1600. Catherine de' Medici was married to the French King Henry II (1519– 1559) and was mother and regent (one who governs a kingdom in the absence of the real ruler) of three other kings—Francis II (1544–1560), Charles IX (1550–1574), and Henry III (1551–1589). Louis XVIII was reinstalled as king on 7 July. In either 1386 or 1387, Definition and Examples, A History of the Palace of Versailles, Jewel of the Sun King, Biography of King Louis XIV, France’s Sun King. Opinions vary as to who the 'first' French king was, and the following list includes all of the transitional monarchs, including the Carolingian and not French Louis I. He was crowned at Compiègne in February 888 by Walter, Archbishop of Sens.[6]. Charles IX was born Charles Maximilian, third son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, in the royal chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. Henry II of France was the king of France after the death of his brother and father. For Frankish kings, see. Born at the Palace of Fontainebleau, Louis XIII was the eldest child of King Henry IV of France and his second wife Marie de' Medici. ThoughtCo. The Valois line looked strong on the death of Henry II, who left four male heirs. Richard II was the son of Edward the Black Prince, who was the eldest son of King Edward II. Henry II, also called (until 1547) Duke (duc) d’Orléans, (born March 31, 1519, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France—died July 10, 1559, Paris), king of France from 1547 to 1559, a competent administrator who was also a vigorous suppressor of Protestants within his kingdom.. His second son, Charles IX, had no legitimate sons to inherit. Napoleon III would later be overthrown during the events of the Franco-Prussian War. Henry VIII was King of England and Ireland from 21 April 1509 until 28 January 1547, and is perhaps one of the most famous monarchs in English history. Just so, how old was Henry III of France when he became king? The Capetian Dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, ruled France continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. Catherine de Medici As A King Mother. Henry himself was crowned by a different faction in 1431, though at the age of 10, he had yet to come of age. Despite his later fame, very little is known of Henry V’s early years. 19 In 1589, after the death of Henry of Anjou, Henry of Navarra was to become King Henry IV of France, again converting to the catholic faith. They were descended from the third son of Philip III, Charles, Count of Valois. The third brother, Geoffrey, who had been given Brittany, died in 1186 and Richard now recognised Geoffrey’s baby son Arthur as his own heir. The second son of Francis I and Claude of France, Henry was sent with his brother Francis, the dauphin, as … The cadet branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois and Bourbon. 16 Charles de Valois was married in 1591 to Charlotte de Montmorency (†1636). Francis I the Father and Restorer of Letters, Legitimist claimants to the throne of France, Legitimist-Anjou claimants to the throne of France, Orléanist claimants to the throne of France, Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France, English claimants to the throne of France, Jacobite claimants to the throne of France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&oldid=1016607383, Lists of political office-holders in France, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, • Tenth generation descendant of Louis IX in the male line, • Sixth generation descendant of Louis XIII in the male line, This page was last edited on 8 April 2021, at 02:41. Two years later, Henry's father died, and he became the new King of France, making Prince Francis, the next-in-line. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Charles IX was the king of France from 1560 to 1574. "The Rulers of France: From 840 Until 2017." The French Revolution swept away the monarch and killed their king and queen; the Terror which followed the twisting of the revolutionary ideals was in no sense an improvement. Their granddaughter, Marie Franziska, married Louis de Guise 1622-1654), and had a son Louis Joseph (1650-1671), who married Elisabeth of France (1646-1696), a granddaughter of King Henry IV. The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. Francis II was born on January 19, 1544, at the ‘Château de Fontainebleau,’ France. One Plantagenet, Henry VI of England, did enjoy de jure control of the French throne under the terms of the Treaty of Troyes, which formed the basis for continued English claims to the throne of France until 1801. Nevertheless, English and then British monarchs continued to claim the title for themselves until the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801. With the House of Bonaparte, the "Emperors of the French" ruled in 19th-century France between 1804 and 1814, again in 1815, and between 1852 and 1870. Henry II (French: Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559. [a] During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". Charles de Gaulle returned to try and calm social unrest and began the Fifth Republic, which still forms the government structure of contemporary France. 3 Edward I . Yet Mary was dynastically next in line. Henry III. Edward III was the son of King Edward II and Isabella of France. The Bourbon kings of France included the absolute apogee of a European monarch, the Sun King Louis XIV, and just two people later, the king who would be beheaded by a revolution. This is a chronological list of the leaders who have ruled France; the dates given are the periods of said rule. He was never proclaimed, making him disputed as a genuine monarch. The Plantagenets based their claim on being closer to a more recent French king, Edward III of England being a grandson of Philip IV through his mother, Isabella. Prince Henry as a young child. The family consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum hereditary and becoming the real powers behind the Merovingian kings. [1], In addition to the Kingdom of France, there were also two French Empires, the first from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815, founded and ruled by Napoleon I, and the second from 1852 to 1870, founded and ruled by his nephew Napoleon III (also known as Louis-Napoleon). Queen Victoria ... England was plunged back into civil war. The dynasty is named after one of these mayors of the palace, Charles Martel, whose son Pepin the Short dethroned the Merovingians in 751 and, with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy, was crowned King of the Franks. Learn about Simon de Montfort's baronial revolt against King Henry III and the importance of the Magna Carta in establishing Parliament. Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. Simon’s eventual victory at the battle of Lewes allowed him to install the first ever constitutional monarchy in England.. It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France. Wilde, Robert. Henry III’s death was celebrated in Paris. English claims to the French throne actually date from 1328, when Edward III claimed the throne after the death of Charles IV. In the spring of 1264, a long simmering feud between King Henry III and his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort erupted in open warfare. Charles X's son Louis signed a document renouncing his own right to the throne only after a 20-minute argument with his father. The two houses fought the Hundred Years War to enforce their claims; the Valois were ultimately successful, and French historiography counts their leaders as rightful kings. However, the last two, twin girls died shortly after birth. Son of Charles III and Eadgifu of Wessex Married Louise Gerberga of Saxony Louis had grown up in Wessex with his mother after his father had been deposed and gained the nickname Outremer (overseas). Young Henry died in 1183 and Richard, the admired warrior ‘Lionheart’, succeeded to the throne on Henry II’s death in 1189. In 1559, it was forced into endorsing Elizabeth as Queen at the Treaty of Upsettlington. Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France, and of each other. Napoleon would briefly regain control of the country during his Hundred Days rule in 1815. His Dad Had Enemies Henry was born in a time of turmoil. 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