She received a scholarship to attend Spelman College, where she studied for two years before transferring to Sarah Lawrence College. Her novels, most notably The Color Purple (1982), focus particularly on women. Walker, who won a Pulitzer Prize in 1983 for her novel, The Color Purple, was in conversation on Feb. 15, 2021, with Ra Malika Imhotep, a Ph.D. candidate in African diaspora studies at UC Berkeley, and Darieck Scott, a professor in Berkeley’s Department of African American Studies, as part of the department’s spring 2021 Critical Conversations series. In We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting For, Alice Walker, Pulitzer Prize winning author of The Color Purple, draws on her deep spiritual grounding, her passionate political convictions and her extraordinary literary gifts to give us a series of meditations on the universal struggles for wisdom, justice, and peace. In 1983, Walker became the first African-American woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for fiction with her novel The Color Purple, which also won the … Her descriptions are elegant. The compelling work won Walker both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction in 1983. Walker has been an activist all of her adult life and believes that learning to extend the range of our … She cofounded a short-lived press in 1984. A Letter To My Grandson ©2020 by Alice Walker, vase by my neighbor, artist Sue Hoya Sellars 1936-2014. In 1970, she moved to Tougaloo College. … A lice Malsenior Tallulah-Kate Walker (born February 9, 1944) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, and social activist. Alice Walker is a vegetarian, gardener, world traveler and spiritual explorer. Set in the early 1900s, the novel explores the female African American experience through the life and struggles of its narrator, Celie. After graduating (1965) from Sarah Lawrence College, Walker moved to Mississippi and began teaching and publishing her works. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Alice Malsenior Walker was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia. Academy of American Poets. With the success of her groundbreaking 1982 novel The Color Purple, catapulted her career to a whole new level. Walker was the eighth child of African American sharecroppers. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She is best known for her 1982 novel The Color Purple, which won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and soon was adapted for the big screen by Steven Spielberg. She married in 1967, but the couple divorced in 1976. Wikipedia. According to Walker, “womanist” unites women of color with the feminist movement at “the intersection of race, class, and gender oppression.” The Poetry Foundation. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. “Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia, the eighth and last child of Willie Lee and Minnie Lou Grant Walker, who were sharecroppers. The two had one daughter, Rebecca, before divorcing in 1976. An epistolary novel, it depicts the growing up and self-realization of an African American woman between 1909 and 1947 in a town in Georgia. 1944)." A second volume of poetry, Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems, and her first collection of short stories, In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Woman, both appeared in 1973. Alice Walker: The Official Website for the American Novelist & Poet. She also released the volume of short stories The Way Forward Is with a Broken Heart (2000) and several other volumes of poetry, including Absolute Trust in the Goodness of the Earth (2003), A Poem Traveled Down My Arm (2003), Hard Times Require Furious Dancing (2010), and Taking the Arrow Out of the Heart (2018). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. To harm anyone deliberately "For a long time, I thought I was very ugly and disfigured," she told John O'Brien in an interview that was published in Alice Walker: Critical Perspectives, Past and Present (1993). After more than four decades as a writer, Walker shows no signs of slowing down. Walker's career as a writer took flight with the publication of her third novel, The Color Purple, in 1982. She is best known for her 1982 novel The Color Purple, which won the … In 2013, she was the subject of the acclaimed documentary Alice Walker: Beauty In Truth. Alice Walker is a world-famous writer and activist, best known for her work in the Civil Rights and Feminist movements. Her most famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Walker is a poet, novelist, short story writer and social activist from the United States, who rose to prominence in the 20th century and remains one of the foremost intellectuals of the world. She became active in the civil rights movement, fighting for equality for all African Americans. Whitish scar tissue formed in her damaged eye, and she became self-conscious of this visible mark. https://www.biography.com/writer/alice-walker. Maggie Lena Walker was grand secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke, an organization dedicated to the social and financial advancement of African Americans. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1983. Walker’s later fiction includes The Temple of My Familiar, an ambitious examination of racial and sexual tensions (1989); Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992), a narrative centred on female genital mutilation; By the Light of My Father’s Smile (1998), the story of a family of anthropologists posing as missionaries in order to gain access to a Mexican tribe; and Now Is the Time to Open Your Heart (2005), about an older woman’s quest for identity. While growing up she was accidentally blinded in one eye, and her mother gave her a typewriter, allowing her to write instead of doing chores. "Alice Walker." Alice Walker, the award-winning poet, novelist and short-story writer, proves herself the master of yet another form. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1983 and the National Book Award in 1984. Walker also emerged as a prominent voice in the Black feminist movement. Following their marriage in 1967, they became the first legally married interracial couple to live in Mississippi. Paul Walker was an American actor who came to fame in movies such as 'Varsity Blues' and became well-known for his starring role in 'The Fast and the Furious' franchise. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. In the unconventional memoir The Chicken Chronicles (2011), Walker discussed caring for a flock of chickens while also musing on her life. Alice was the youngest of eight siblings. Her novels, most notably The Color Purple (1982), focus particularly on women. With the help of a scholarship, Walker was able to attend Spelman College in Atlanta. The following year, she delivered her first children's book, Langston Hughes: American Poet. The following year, she published Cushion in the Road: Meditation and Wandering As the Whole World Awakens to Being in Harm's Way and the poetry collection The World Will Follow Joy: Turning Madness into Flowers. Alice Walker is an African American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Kara Walker is an African American artist who rose to fame for her use of large paper silhouettes to explore social issues surrounding gender, race and Black history. Walker also wrote about her experiences with the group Women for Women International in 2010's Overcoming Speechlessness: A Poet Encounters the Horror in Rwanda, Eastern Congo and Palestine/Israel. A writer and feminist, Alice Walker is especially known for novels, poems, and short stories that offer great insight into African American culture and often focus on women. by Andrea Beaulieu (SHS) 2001, Updated 2105 Alice Walker is not only an extraordinary writer but also a strong leader in many pro-womanist campaigns. She was also known for publicly feuding with her daughter, who described how she was neglected by her writer mom in her memoir Black, White, and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self (2000). Alice Walker (born February 9, 1944) is a writer and activist, perhaps best known as the author of "The Color Purple" and more than 20 other books and poetry collections. In 1998, Walker published her first novel in six years, By the Light of My Father’s Smile. In 2005, The Color Purple became a Broadway musical. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Better known now as a novelist, Walker showed her talents for storytelling in her debut work, Third Life of Grange Copeland (1970). When Ms. Walker was 8 years old, one of her older brothers accidentally shot her in the eye with a BB gun. "Alice Walker." Maya Angelou was a civil rights activist, poet and award-winning author known for her acclaimed 1969 memoir, 'I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,' and her numerous poetry and essay collections. Proving time and time again to be a versatile writer, Walker followed with the novel Now Is the Time to Open Your Heart (2004), the essay collection We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting For: Light in a Time of Darkness (2006) and the well-received picture book There Is a Flower at the Tip of My Nose Smelling Me (2006). After Alice Walker recommended an anti-Semitic book in a column for the New York Times, critics found her anti-Semitic 2017 poem “It Is Our … The documentary Alice Walker: Beauty in Truth was released in 2013. Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial terror, and folk wisdom of African American life and culture, particularly in the rural South. Alice Walker won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for her novel The Color Purple. She later switched to Sarah Lawrence College in New York. Alice Walker’s most famous work is the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Color Purple (1982), which depicts the growing up and self-realization of a Southern black woman between 1909 and 1947. Gwendolyn Brooks was a postwar poet best known as the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for her 1949 book 'Annie Allen.'. Next up was the short story collection The Way Forward Is with a Broken Heart (2000). Walker later dated both men and women, including singer Tracy Chapman. Mary Walker was a physician and women's rights activist who received the Medal of Honor for her service during the Civil War. Photo by Mark Sagliocco/Getty Images Alice Walker, the beloved activist and author of The Color Purple , … Born to sharecropper parents, Alice Walker grew up to become a highly acclaimed novelist, essayist and poet. In 1982, she wrote the novel The Color Purple, for which she won the National Book Award for hardcover fiction, and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.She also wrote the novels Meridian (1976) and The Third Life of Grange Copeland (1970). The Color Purple, novel by Alice Walker, published in 1982. Her Blue Body Everything We Know: Earthling Poems (1991) collects poetry from 1965 to 1990. She published another poetry collection, Hard Times Require Furious Dancing, that same year. Like the novel, the movie was a critical success, receiving 11 Academy Award nominations. Omissions? By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Through her involvement in civil rights activism, Walker met the New York City-born Jewish lawyer Melvyn Leventhal. Additionally, she was inducted into the California Hall of Fame in 2006 and received the LennonOno Peace Award in 2010. Along with her Pulitzer and National Book Award, Walker has been honored with the O. Henry Award and the Mahmoud Darwish Literary Prize for Fiction. "Alice Walker." After graduating in 1965, Walker moved to Mississippi and became involved in the civil rights movement. Alice Walker, in full Alice Malsenior Walker, (born February 9, 1944, Eatonton, Georgia, U.S.), American writer whose novels, short stories, and poems are noted for their insightful treatment of African American culture. Celie suffers terrible abuse at the hands of her father, and later, from her husband. Reviewers complained that these novels employed New Age abstractions and poorly conceived characters, though Walker continued to draw praise for championing racial and gender equality in her work. Corrections? Alice Walker is a Pulitzer Prize-winning, African American novelist and poet most famous for authoring 'The Color Purple.'. She graduated in 1965—the same year that she published her first short story. Walker is a feminist and vocal advocate for human rights, and she has earned critical and popular acclaim as a major American novelist and intellectual. The novel was praised for the depth of its female characters, and it was adapted into a popular film and a musical. Alice Walkeraccepted a position as a writer in residence at Jackson State College in 1968. Walker explored her own feelings about the film in her 1996 work, The Same River Twice: Honoring the Difficult. The book won a Pulitzer Prize and was adapted into a film by Steven Spielberg in 1985. The youngest daughter of sharecroppers, she grew up poor, with her mother working as a maid to help support the family's eight children. After college, Walker worked as a social worker, teacher and lecturer. Alice Walker is an internationally celebrated writer, poet and activist whose books include, seven novels, four collections of short stories for children’s books and volumes of essays and poetry, including the Pulitzer prize and fiction and National Book Award winning work, The Color Purple. "Alice Walker (b. At 8 years old, Walker was shot in the right eye with a BB pellet while playing with two of her brothers. Alice Walker, Answering Backlash, Praises Anti-Semitic Author as ‘Brave’ The novelist Alice Walker in 2015. In 1985, Walker's story made it to the big screen: Spielberg directed The Color Purple, which starred Whoopi Goldberg as Celie, as well as Oprah Winfrey and Danny Glover. In 1973, she published the poetry collection Revolutionary Petunias and the short story collection In Love and Trouble, which included the highly acclaimed "Everyday Use." Although most people know her for her Pulitzer Prize winning novel, While at Sarah Lawrence, Walker visited Africa as part of a study-abroad program. African American novelist Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Alice Walker is best known for her stories about African American women who achieve heroic stature within the borders of their ordinary day-to-day lives. She is best known for the novel The Color Purple (1982). After moving to New York, Walker completed Meridian (1976), a novel describing the coming of age of several civil rights workers in the 1960s. Alice Walker is a famous and celebrated American author as well as poet, novelist, activist, and essay and story writer. Walker continued to explore writing in all of its forms. She won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize for the novel. Her other novels include By the Light of My Father’s Smile and Possessing the Secret of Joy. Morrison was not the only Black woman to exert a major influence on African American literature in the 1970s and ’80s. Born February 9, 1944, in Georgia, Walker has been established as one of the preeminent writers to come out of the United States. Born to sharecropper parents, Alice Walker grew up to become a highly acclaimed novelist, essayist and poet. Walker’s essays were compiled in In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens: Womanist Prose (1983), Sent by Earth: A Message from the Grandmother Spirit After the Bombing of the World Trade Center and Pentagon (2001), We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting For (2006), and The Cushion in the Road: Meditation and Wandering as the Whole World Awakens to Being in Harm’s Way (2013). Manuscript Holdings Walker’s unique and distinguished writing style and her boldness on the issues she tackles in her stories have elevated her to the status of a legend in American literature. The latter bears witness to sexist violence and abuse in the African American community. Walker's experiences informed her first collection of poetry, Once, which was published in 1968. Walker’s first book of poetry, Once, appeared in 1968, and her first novel, The Third Life of Grange Copeland (1970), a narrative that spans 60 years and three generations, followed two years later. Living in the racially divided South, Walker showcased a bright mind at her segregated schools, graduating from high school as class valedictorian. According to Walker's website, her books have been translated into more than two dozen languages and sold more than 15 million copies. Walker later moved to California, where she wrote her most popular novel, The Color Purple (1982). Walker created specialized hair products for African American hair care and was one of the first American women to become a self-made millionaire. She was accidentally blinded in one eye, so her mother gave her a typewriter, allowing her to write instead of doing chores. A feminist work about an abused and uneducated African American woman’s struggle for empowerment, The Color Purple was praised for the depth of its female characters … Born in Eatonton, Georgia, Alice Walker, the full name being Alice Malsenior Walker, is a well-known American writer whose novels, short stories, and poetry portray the African American experience and culture in the most vivid and thought-provoking way. Walker is also known for her work as an activist. "This made me shy and timid, and I often reacted to insults and slights that were not intended." Born in Georgia, Alice Walker is a novelist, short story writer, poet and social activist. Among her best-known novels are 'The Bluest Eye,' 'Song of Solomon,' 'Beloved' and 'A Mercy.'. Alice Walker’s parents supported their daughter's writing. In 2012, she released The Chicken Chronicles; in this latest memoir, she ruminates on caring for her flock of chickens. She also began teaching and publishing short stories and essays. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Her sarcasm is biting, her humor pointed. She also worked as a consultant in the Black History of the Friends of the Children of Mississippi Head Start Program. In 1970, she released her debut novel ‘The Third Life of Grange Copeland.’ In 1976, she released her novel ‘Meridian.’ In 1982, Alice released the novel She is also known for recovering the work of Zora Neale Hurston and for her work against female circumcision. In 2007, Walker's personal papers were made available to the public at Emory University in Georgia. For the novel The Color Purple (1982), she became the first African American woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. She is also the author of three collections of short stories, three collections of essays, seven volumes of poetry, and several children’s books. Her praise for a book by an anti-Semitic … Walker incorporated characters and their relations from The Color Purple into two of her other novels: The Temple of My Familiar (1989) and Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992), which earned great critical praise and caused some controversy for its exploration of the practice of female genital mutilation. She has written both fiction and essays about race and gender. December 22, 2020. Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia, the eighth and youngest child of sharecroppers Willie Lee and Minnie Lou Grant Walker. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! 1944), one of the United States' preeminent writers, is an award-winning author of novels, stories, essays, and poetry. After the incident, Walker largely withdrew from the world around her. Alice Malsenior Walker (born February 9, 1944) is an American author, poet, and activist. Black American activist and author Alice Walker has used the term to describe Black women who are deeply committed to the wholeness and well-being of all of humanity, male and female. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Alice Walker (b. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A musical version produced by Oprah Winfrey and Quincy Jones premiered in 2004. Toni Morrison was a Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist. Her most famous work is the critically acclaimed novel "The Color Purple", which won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Updates? She was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia, the youngest in a family of eight children. Alice Walker, in full Alice Malsenior Walker, (born February 9, 1944, Eatonton, Georgia, U.S.), American writer whose novels, short stories, and poems are noted for their insightful treatment of African American culture. Her literary reputation was secured with her Pulitzer Prize-winning third novel, The Color Purple (1982), which Steven Spielberg adapted into a … Walker also wrote juvenile fiction and critical essays on such female writers as Flannery O’Connor and Zora Neale Hurston. In 1829, African American abolitionist David Walker wrote an incendiary pamphlet that argued for the end of slavery and discrimination in the United States. Madam C.J. The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Alice walker is a best-selling American poet and novelist. Author of The Color Purple, Meridian, The temple of my familiar, Possessing the Secret of Joy, The third life of Grange Copeland, In love & trouble, By the light of my father's smile, In … Alice Walker was Voted the #5 Favorite Author of the 20th Century. Alice Walker at the premiere of The Color Purple on Broadway in 2015. Her father and brother tried to flag down She lives in Mendocino, California. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alice-Walker, BlackPast.org - Biography of Alice M.Walker, Academy of American Poets - Biography of Alice Walker, Georgia Writers Hall of Fame - University of Georgia - Biography of Alice Walker, New Georgia Encyclopedia - Arts and Culture - Biography of Alice Walker, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Alice Walker, The University of New York - Biography of Alice Walker, Alice Walker - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), “Absolute Trust in the Goodness of the Earth”, “We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting For”. She found solace in reading and writing poetry. Alice Walker was born in 1944, the eighth child of African American sharecroppers. Alice Walker has been a highly respected novelist, poet, and activist. As a social worker, teacher and lecturer Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary high! 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