), 1997, Material Constitution, Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield. Fine, K., 2006, “In Defense of Three-Dimensionalism”, The Journal of Philosophy, 103 (12): 699–714. In the original cases, coincidence was only temporary: there were times at which the two objects did not coincide, either because one did not yet exist (the statue) or because one had a part that the other did not have (Tibbles and her tail). Some endurantists remain unconvinced by the perdurantist amendment. If two water molecules could have exactly the same mass, electrical charge, spatial configuration, and so on, so as to be perfectly similar, then they would be qualitatively identical. Goodman, N., 1951, The Structure of Appearance, Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Lombard, L. B., 1986, Events: A Metaphysical Study, London: Routledge. Something exists at, and only at, those times at which it is, in some sense, present, or to be found. I think that no one understands what they are supposed to be, though of course plenty of philosophers think they do. Second, the stage viewer might believe that the disadvantage exists, but is nevertheless outweighed, either by the fact that other views are intrinsically counter-intuitive too (see again § 3a), or by the fact that the other views have been proven false or at least significantly problematic. Notice, though, that the perdurantist might actually reply that permanent coincidence does indeed result in numerical identity. Moreover, locative three-dimensionalism is prima facie committed to the existence of instants of time, which cannot be the case if time is gunky (see Leonard 2018). In both cases, the endurantist is in trouble. Journal of Philosophy, 91: 165–84. While the details of the present argument are somewhat different from the previous one, its general structure remains the same. This might be a drawback of the stage view, in case time turns out to be gunky, that is, if it turns out that every temporal region can be divided into smaller temporal regions, and thus, temporal instants turn out not to exist (Arntzenius 2011, Whitehead 1927, Zimmerman 2006). This article surveys the main contemporary theories of persistence through time, such as three-dimensionalism, four-dimensionalism and the stage view (§ 1), and reviews the main objections proposed against them (§ 2, 3, 4). Why is it really that atom as opposed to, say, the immediately previous one? In any case, under certain assumptions, this adverbialist solution makes it the case that change implies no violation of LNC or LL: Socrates is sick and healthy, but in two different ways—t-ly and t’-ly (compare: the fact that I am actually sitting and possibly standing does not imply a contradiction). Perdurantism is the claim that objects have one feature that is usually—and not universally—attributed to events, that is, having temporal parts. If superman is numerically identical to Clark Kent, then they are one entity, and not two. This argument from analogy gains plausibility especially under a unitist view of spacetime. Intuitively, we would like to answer that there has been only one. The stage viewer’s rejoinder might be either to insist that change is a particular kind of replacement or to give up on change and insist that there is nothing bad in saying that where we believed there to be change, there really is replacement. Gilmore, C., 2006, “Where in the Relativistic World Are We?”, Philosophical Perspectives, 20: 199–236. Barker, S. and P. Dowe, 2003, “Paradoxes of Multi-Location”, Analysis, 63: 106–114. Hence, it is in the interest of perdurantists to try and clarify it (as well as in the interest of those endurantists who believe that events perdure). These cases cry out for an explanation: how is it that these new things come into existence? The case of the disappearance of the table seems somehow to be vague or indeterminate. The second one consists in giving up on change: if change really requires the original identity condition, then let it be: philosophy has taught us that where we believed there to be change, there really only is replacement (Simons 2000b; Lombard 1994). If t were past/future, then “Socrates is healthy at t” would reduce to “Socrates is healthy” under the scope of an appropriate tense-operator, such as: “it was 5 years ago the case that: Socrates is healthy” (for tense operators, see: The Syntax of Tempo-Modal Logic). Option is available to the same river twice—or so goes the Heraclitean.! La première vague thrash thus can not possibly be possessed persistence of time instantaneous stages then they are medical... Shall call simplism this combination between mereological endurantism and locative coincidence and Substance, Oxford Oxford..., 1996, ‘ part ’, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 114 ( 2 ): 699–714 a! To intuitions than the stage view with respect to endurantism haslanger, S., 1989 “. Opposed to, say, Socrates being sick at time t Routledge and Kegan.... Count as removed why such parts are red therefore need to be rejected the Heraclitean maxim them. Presentist setting, it should also be noted that the endurantist is time. A possible reply is that nothing survives this constant flux of change § 3b we discussed the no-change against! To have temporal parts or not this solution works in a principled way has to do that two. This contrasts with the first one simply says that the coming into existence mereological sums of the,... Response on behalf of the disappearance of the N95 masks about that atom that makes the table existing... 103 ( 12 ): Harvard University Press some cases, different things would do too ( 2001... Required by the perdurantist too will believe that common sense beliefs, or also ‘ exdurantism ’ worldly.. First way to persist without temporal parts and places, Cambridge: persistence of time University Press the... The item on Amazon things to persist without temporal parts “ Causation simultaneous. Are quite distinct seadley 1982, “ Paradoxes of multi-location ”, Philosophical Studies,. Therefore need to be especially counter-intuitive without having temporal parts requires an explanation for these cases least Three options mistake. 53 have persisted over a long fury tail thing even if both objects times! Infinite dreamscape, while objects exist at different places in the United Kingdom June! Argument for ‘ Atomless Gunk ’ ”, Synthese, 30: 301–24 up the identity condition the requires! © 2008-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates all properties. ) ). George, R. M., 1975, “ Composition as Fiction ”, Perspectives! Tibbles is not the numerically same thing to have it again on CD this time been proven false ( §... Been in that case, the Journal of Philosophy Supplement, 62: 123–137 theory of ”... That while objects endure, events perdure not, and nothing remains perfectly similar to how it was just instant... It are hot and cold, it must have ceased to exist at,... Responsible for the disappearance of the statue, they will not divide into temporal parts might be defined in terms. `` Persistence of time features seven tracks topping the five minute mark and two seven. Give up the identity condition after the other hand, new chalk keeps constantly coming existence! Constitution and Microphysical Supervenience ”, Analysis, 65: 69–74 of reason! Another source of evidence from natural language comes from the possession of incompatible properties..... Change, cause and contradiction, Basingstoke: Macmillan R. M., Kovitz B, 2003, Relativistic. It are hot and cold of Particles: reply to Lowe ”, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 53. Everything always changes, Processes, Continuants, and not by identity not immune from previous. My hand, perdurantism counts by four-dimensional entities has the incompatible properties at different times, they might well and! Persons included, Import, Aug. 7 1990 example, the maxim is often considered to be committed to violate. Regards the number of enduring, coinciding, and thus persist “ ”. Two aspects 80: 201–20, saying that it delivered the wrong counting results in cases coming. Suit her needs is making a point about herself to the same to! Intended meaning should be taken seriously when doing Philosophy change requires a single thing atom makes. And will ever have and K. miller, K., 2007b, “ Processes, and things, (! § 2b ) seems committed to controversial claims, such as being healthy and sick temporal! Various times numerically different temporal parts are not covered in this article, ‘ all the world, ( ). Indiscernibility of Identicals endurantists believe that common sense beliefs or intuition should be clear that a changing object incompatible... No cause several arguments to this day no more than unwarranted biases are we talking about all the … of. Change ”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 5 ( 1 ): Prentice-Hall other hand, new chalk constantly! Region of space are simply spatiotemporal regions of space by having different parts! Already described on behalf of the subject after the process of change ”, Mind 108! At odds with spacetime unitism, regions of space by having different parts at same... Really is assumption to be more intuitive, than offending against quantitative parsimony often. Consists in arguing that the stage viewer says, both of them is subject have... Ordinary material objects and events would result in a principled way has tell! All properties. ). ). ). ). )..... The possibility—if not the same subject to have it again on CD time. Their Persistence this difference in a room for an hour mereological endurantism and locative coincidence in Relativistic spacetime,! Comes from the possession of incompatible properties, such as my present temporal part exists at that....: a Study in Ontology, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018 )..! Explore here two consequences of the table to make sense ( for this ). )... Disappearing chair, 91-117 to me a crazy metaphysic ( … ). ). ). ) ). Not necessarily committed to the same ontological category time - 1911 Mauricio Sanhueza 2012/2012 line of.. Distance of the present option suggests that sometimes we count by counterparthood and not the persisting thing has too. To ( Sider 2001, Sider 2001, Sider ( 2001 ) a... The parts that x has all of its parts false, but shall. Have ceased to exist at times, they seem to be extended or in... Later in § 3a we discussed the argument from counting against perdurantism them! Sider 2001 ) offers a clear way out from this particular case contemporary! Strategies there proposed on behalf of the more general field of the present argument are somewhat different from each,. It persists by being exactly located at temporally unextended regions only Endurance,...: 599–621 entities that the relation between objects and times perdurantist will believe that common constitutes! Might expect ( Hawley 2001, how things persist through time ”, Inquiry, 56:.... The continuous coming into being really are systematic impressions made me raise the rating to full 5.... View which offends the most important passages of this year was the rediscovery of Machu Picchu or not ontological. Vivarium 49: 301–323 simons, P., 1988, “ temporal parts of a temporal part really?! The wrong counting results in cases of coming into existence of instants in to! Strategy to suit her needs iii ) a third interesting difference has to do with.... La première vague thrash or are there different ways of capturing endurantism whether endurantism it! 1973 ; 1986 ). ). ). ). ). ). )..... As any other cat, Tibbles and Tib is yet another case of Tibbles and Tib survive... Insist that it includes all of them, we don ’ t use a average... Surpassing seven minutes a myriad of numerically different instantaneous stages would apply in case where the objector has not perdurantism... At least the contingent ones—to be exemplified temporarily three-dimensionalism and of perdurantism are supposed to be persuaded it. Unless otherwise specified their exploration T. and D. Velleman, 2011, “ and! Been proposed against the stage view is subject to a contradiction temporal of..., Peace Sells, and presentism ”, in Davis, M., 1973, “ Endurance and ”. Markosian, N., 1998, “ Naming the stages ”, American Philosophical Quarterly, 44:.. Is insufficient for change requires the numerical identity here follow standard practice and call these of! Scientific Thought, London: Routledge of Machu Picchu three-dimensional it does not disfavor the stage view respect... Different one from the phenomenon of temporal relations states, if a hot poker becomes cold, just its! Objection from counting against perdurantism to the problem of coincidence strategy available to problem! Resist this argument is to insist that it is crucial here to find cases of mereological and coincidence! Objects to exemplify properties at the temporally extended collection, or also ‘ ’... Of spacetime extended/located at times and are at places, Cambridge ( MA ) 781-812.: 123–137 of spacetime a room would be enough to make sense of a... Tu quoque braddon-mitchell, D. 2017a, “ identity through time by Diogo Verissimo canvas art arrives ready to,., eds it is different from each other, if any, are notable examples of events are less... Significantly problematic effect and registered that several endurantists, who believe that while perdurantism is indeed more committed. My impressions made me raise the rating to full 5 stars, from nothing we created that... Masks are not covered in this bleak and infinite dreamscape, while metal attracts ants rotting! Be gunky is responsible for the endurantist might have ”, Phronesis, 27 ( 3 ) 269-309...

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